The semantics of a dependency resolver determine the concrete classpath based on the user-specified dependency constraints. Typically the differences in the details manifest as different way the version conflicts are resolved.
Maven uses nearest-wins strategy, which could downgrade transitive dependencies
Ivy uses latest-wins strategy
Coursier generally uses latest-wins strategy, but it’s tries to enforce version range strictly
Ivy’s version range handling goes to the Internet, which makes the build non-repeatable
Coursier orders version string completely differently from Ivy
Last year I wrote an experimental sbt plugin called sbt-projectmatrix to improve the cross building in sbt. I’ve just released 0.2.0.
building against multiple Scala versions After adding sbt-projectmatrix to your build, here’s how you can set up a matrix with two Scala versions.
ThisBuild / organization := "com.example" ThisBuild / scalaVersion := "2.12.8" ThisBuild / version := "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT" lazy val core = (projectMatrix in file("core")) .settings( name := "core" ) .
split a subdirectory into a new repo (simple case) git clone --no-hardlinks --branch master originalRepoURL childRepo cd childRepo git filter-branch --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter path/to/keep master git remote remove origin git prune git gc --aggressive Change originalRepoURL, master, and path/to/keep to appropriate values. Use -- --all to handle all branches.
split a subdirectory into a new repo (complex case) In case you have multiple paths you want to filter, you need to use --index-filter together with GNU xargs and GNU sed available via brew install gnu-sed findutils.
This is a second post on installing your own JDKs on Travis CI. Previously I’ve written about jabba.
Today, let’s look at SDKMAN!, an environment manager written by Marco Vermeulen (@marc0der) for JDKs and various tools on JVM, including Groovy, Spark, sbt, etc.
AdoptOpenJDK 11 and 8 Update 2020-09-23: Updated the regex of version number. Update 2019-11-06: Added sdkman_auto_selfupdate to workaround the update prompt blocking the CI. Also it adds || true on the sdk install line.
Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie
My rating: 4 of 5 stars
‘Ancillary Justice’ is written in a first-person narrative as the AI of thousands of years old starship Justice of Toren of The Radchaai Empire. Another interesting part is since the Radchaai language is genderless, the narrator constantly describes everyone as “she,” but later you might discover that some character might be he. There are other small details here and there that narrator might say, but you start to question it as the story develops.
As of Scala 2.13.0-M5, it’s planned that scala.Seq will change from scala.collection.Seq to scala.collection.immutable.Seq. Scala 2.13 collections rework explains a bit about why it’s been non-immutable historically. Between the lines, I think it’s saying that we should celebrate that scala.Seq will now be immutable out of the box.
Defaulting to immutable sequence would be good for apps and fresh code. The situation is a bit more complicated for library authors.
We need to change the culture around tech conferences to improve the inclusion of women (and people from other backgrounds too!). For that, there needs to be clear signaling and communication about two basic issues
No, it’s not ok to hit on women at a conference.
Assume technical competence, and treat women as professional peers.
These points should be communicated over and over at each conference before the keynote takes place, and before socializing hours.
Red Mars is a science fiction classic written in 1992. This book is everything I wanted and more, starting with first hundred astronauts and cosmonauts migrating to Mars to build the infrastructure such that more people can migrate. By the middle of the book, thousands of people migrate to Mars. The book explores various dimensions the epic project, not just technological challenges, but psychological effects, personality differences, and political interests by superpowers. The geography of Mars is written in vivid, majestic details.
I’ve implemented “super shell” feature for sbt over the weekend. The idea is to take over the bottom n lines of the termnial, and display the current tasks in progress.
the limitation of using log as status report Logs are useful in many situations, and sometimes it’s the only viable tool to find out what’s going on. But on a console app like sbt, using logs to tell the build user what’s going on doesn’t always work.
Compile, or compile not. There’s no warning. Two of my favorite Scala compiler flags lately are "-Xlint" and "-Xfatal-warnings". Here is an example setting that can be used with subprojects:
ThisBuild / organization := "com.example" ThisBuild / version := "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT" ThisBuild / scalaVersion := "2.12.6" lazy val commonSettings = List( scalacOptions ++= Seq( "-encoding", "utf8", "-deprecation", "-unchecked", "-Xlint", "-feature", "-language:existentials", "-language:experimental.macros", "-language:higherKinds", "-language:implicitConversions", "-Ypartial-unification", "-Yrangepos", ), scalacOptions ++= (scalaVersion.value match { case VersionNumber(Seq(2, 12, _*), _, _) => List("-Xfatal-warnings") case _ => Nil }), Compile / console / scalacOptions --= Seq("-deprecation", "-Xfatal-warnings", "-Xlint") ) lazy val foo = (project in file("foo")) .
Working with GitHub and pull requests a lot, I end up accumulating stale branches that are no longer needed. In this post, we will look at how to clean the stale local branches.
There are mainly two strategies:
Pick a “master” branch, and delete what’s merged to it Assuming branches are deleted first on GitHub, delete local branches that no longer exists on remote “origin” Erik Aybar’s Git Tip: Deleting Old Local Branches takes the second approach.
I’ve been thinking about rich console applications, the kind of apps that can display things graphically, not just appending lines at the end. Here are some info, enough parts to be able to write Tetris.
ANSI X3.64 control sequences To display some text at an arbitrary location on a termial screen, we first need to understand what a terminal actually is. In the middle of 1960s, companies started selling minicomputers such as PDP-8, and later PDP-11 and VAX-11.
Whether you want to try using OpenJDK 11-ea, GraalVM, Eclipse OpenJ9, or you are stuck needing to build using OpenJDK 6, jabba has got it all. jabba is a cross-platform Java version manager written by Stanley Shyiko (@shyiko).
AdoptOpenJDK 8 and 11 Here’s how we can use jabba on Travis CI to cross build using AdoptOpenJDK 8 and 11:
sudo: false dist: trusty group: stable language: scala scala: - 2.12.7 env: global: - JABBA_HOME=/home/travis/.
Last week I wrote about using source dependencies with sbt-sriracha for testing purpose. This week we’ll look into using Expecty to do power assert.
Power assert (or power assertion) is a variant of assert(...) function that that prints out detailed error message automatically. It was originally implemented by Peter Niederwieser (@pniederw) for Spock, and in 2009 it was merged into Groovy 1.7. Power assert has spread to Ruby, JavaScript, Rust, etc.
Source dependencies is one of features that existed in sbt since ever, but hasn’t been documented well.
immutable source dependency Here’s how to declare source dependency to the latest commit for scopt commandline option parsing library.
lazy val scoptJVMRef = ProjectRef(uri("git://github.com/scopt/scopt.git#c744bc48393e21092795059aa925fe50729fe62b"), "scoptJVM") ThisBuild / organization := "com.example" ThisBuild / scalaVersion := "2.12.2" lazy val root = (project in file(".")) .dependsOn(scoptJVMRef) .settings( name := "Hello world" ) When you start sbt and run compile, sbt will automatically clone scopt/scopt under the staging directory, and link the builds together.
Yesterday I wrote about cross JVM testing using Travis CI.
testing Scala apps on macOS using Travis CI Here’s how we can test Scala apps on macOS using Travis CI. This is adapted from Lars and Muuki’s method: Testing Scala programs with Travis CI on OS X
dist: trusty language: scala matrix: include: ## build using JDK 8, test using JDK 8 - script: - sbt universal:packageBin - cd citest && .
Oracle is moving to ship non-LTS JDK every 6 months, and LTS JDK every 3 years. Also it’s converging to OpenJDK. In this scheme, JDK 9 will be EOL in March 2018; JDK 10 will come out in March 2018, and EOL in September 2018; and LTS JDK 11 that replaces JDK 8 in September 2018 will stay with us until 2021.
As we will see quick succession of JDKs in the upcoming months, here’s a how-to on testing your app on JDK 8, JDK 9, and JDK 10 Early Access using Travis CI.
August, 2016 During the SIP-27 trailing commas discussion, one of the thoughts that came to my mind was unifiying some of the commas with semicolons, and take advantage of the semicolon inference.
Aug 10 2016 20:46:
This doesn’t actually work. @Ichoran kindly pointed out an example:
Seq( a b c ) This is interpreted to be Seq(a.b(c)) in Scala today.
January, 2018 Recently @swachter opened a thread called Comma inference that reminded me of this topic:
This holiday break, I somehow got into binge watching Coursera’s Stanford Machine Learning course taught by Andrew Ng. I remember machine learning to be really math heavy, but I found this one more accessible.
Here are some notes for my own use. (I am removing all the fun examples, and making it dry, so if you’re interested in machine learning, you should check out the course or its official notes.)
In this post I am going to discuss an old new problem of encoding file path as Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) reference.
As of 2017, the authoritative source of information is RFC 8089 - The “file” URI Scheme written by Matthew Kerwin.
RFC 8089 The "file" URI Scheme https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8089 Wow, it actually happened.
— Matthew Kerwin (@phluid61) February 18, 2017 Future readers might also want to search for “file URI scheme RFC”, and find the latest version.
On Tech Hub blog I demonstrated how to use sbt server from VS Code to display compiler errors from a running sbt session. In this post, I’ll show how to do that for Sublime Text 3 in this post.
setting up Sublime Text 3 with sbt server First, add tomv564/LSP plugin to Sublime Text 3.
cd ~/Library/Application\ Support/Sublime\ Text\ 3/Packages git clone https://github.com/tomv564/LSP.git Run ‘Preferences > Package Control > Satisfy Dependencies’ Next, download sbt-server-stdio.
It’s been a month since sbt 1.0 shipped, and I can finally sit back and think about sbt server again. Using my weekends time, I started hacking on an implementation of Scala language server on top of sbt server.
what is a language server? A language server is a program that can provide language service to editors like Visual Studio Code, Eclipse Che, and Sublime Text 3 via Language Server Protocol.
In this post, I’d like to introduce a version scheme that I call Persistent Versioning. Most of the ideas presented in this post are not new or my own. Let me know if there’s already a name for it.
In 2015, Jake Wharton (@JakeWharton) wrote a blog post titled Java Interoperability Policy for Major Version Updates:
A new policy from @jessewilson and I for the libraries we work on to ensure major version updates are interoperable: https://t.
GitHub Pages is a convenient place to host OSS project docs. This post explains how to use Travis CI to deploy your docs automatically on a pull request merge.
1. Generate a fresh RSA key in some directory Make a directory outside of your project first. Pick a key name deploy_yourproject_rsa, so you can distinguish it from other keys.
$ mkdir keys $ cd keys $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "yours@example.
In the last post that I wrote about Atreus build, I noted that there’s an issue of keyboard positioning:
Even if I can overcome the layout and memorize the various symbol locations, there’s the issue of the placement. If I place the keyboard in between me and the laptop the screen becomes too far.
I solved this issue by making a tray for Atreus that I can position it on top of the MacBook Pro keyboard.
Last night I finished making my Atreus keyboard from a DYI kit that I got a while back. Here are some of the details:
I chose Matias Quiet Click switch option (gray slider). There’s no clicking. The modifiers use Matias Quiet Linear switches (red slider). There are 42 keys in split ortholinear layout. Mahogany ply case. The materials The kit comes with almost everything you need to assemble the Arteus keyboard.
I’ve been asked by a few people on downloading JARs, and then running them from an sbt plugin. Most recently, Shane Delmore (@shanedelmore) asked me about this at nescala in Brooklyn.
During an unconference session I hacked together a demo, and I continued some more after I came home.
sbt-sidedish sbt-sidedish is a toolkit for plugin authors to download and run an app on the side from a plugin. It on its own does not define any plugins.
Here are a few questions I’ve been thinking about:
How should I express data or API? How should the data be represented in Java or Scala? How do I convert the data into wire formats such as JSON? How do I evolve the data without breaking binary compatibility? limitation of case class The sealed trait and case class is the idiomatic way to represent datatypes in Scala, but it’s impossible to add fields in binary compatible way.
Gigahorse 0.2.0 is now released. The new change is that it abstracts over two backends. @alexdupre contributed migration from AHC 1.9 to AHC 2.0, which is based on Netty 4 in #12.
In addition, there’s now an experimental Akka HTTP support that I added. #15
Gigahorse 0.1.0 is now released. It is an HTTP client for Scala with Async Http Client underneath. Please see Gigahorse docs for the details. Here’s an example snippet to get the feel of the library.
scala>import gigahorse._
scala>import scala.concurrent._, duration._scala>Gigahorse.withHttp(Gigahorse.config){ http =>val r =Gigahorse.url("http://api.duckduckgo.com").get. addQueryString("q"->"1 + 1","format"->"json")val f = http.run(r,Gigahorse.asString andThen {_.take(60)})Await.result(f,120.seconds)}
There’s a “pattern” that I’ve been thinking about, which arises in some situation while persisting/serializing objects.
To motivate this, consider the following case class:
scala> case class User(name: String, parents: List[User]) defined class User scala> val alice = User("Alice", Nil) alice: User = User(Alice,List()) scala> val bob = User("Bob", alice :: Nil) bob: User = User(Bob,List(User(Alice,List()))) scala> val charles = User("Charles", bob :: Nil) charles: User = User(Charles,List(User(Bob,List(User(Alice,List()))))) scala> val users = List(alice, bob, charles) users: List[User] = List(User(Alice,List()), User(Bob,List(User(Alice,List()))), User(Charles,List(User(Bob,List(User(Alice,List())))))) The important part is that it contains parents field, which contains a list of other users.
This is part 3 on the topic of sjson-new. See also part 1 and part 2.
Within the sbt code base there are a few places where the persisted data is in the order of hundreds of megabytes that I suspect it becomes a performance bottleneck, especially on machines without an SSD drive.
Naturally, my first instinct was to start reading up on the encoding of Google Protocol Buffers to implement my own custom binary format.
Two months ago, I wrote about sjson-new. I was working on that again over the weekend, so here’s the update. In the earlier post, I’ve introduced the family tree of JSON libraries in Scala ecosystem, the notion of backend independent, typeclass based JSON codec library. I concluded that we need some easy way of defining a custom codec for it to be usable.
roll your own shapeless In between the April post and the last weekend, there were flatMap(Oslo) 2016 and Scala Days New York 2016.
